1.2 HOW IS IT AFFECTING US?

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The effect of the increased concentration of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere will take several decades before the full impact upon the climate is realised.

Over the next 20 years, a rise of about 0.4 deg.C can be expected. This increase in temperature will potentially have global climate impacts similar to those observed to date but it is envisaged that they will be more extensive and of greater intensity. These will probably include:

  • Warming, especially over land and in Northern latitudes
  • A decrease in snow cover and the ice sheet over both the Arctic and Antarctic will contract considerably
  • Rise in sea level
  • Heat waves and heavy precipitation will become more frequent
  • Tropical cyclone intensity will increase; coupled with higher wind speeds
  • Increase of precipitation in high latitudes with decrease of precipitation over subtropical regions

Such changes would in turn quite likely have the following effects:

  • Risk of extinction of about 20% to 30% of plant and animal species
  • Significant changes in ecosystem structure and function
  • Decrease of crop productivity in some areas with changes of crop variety in others
  • Erosion of the coastal region and increase of flooding
  • Industries close to the coast and flood plains would become at risk
  • Poor communities would also become more vulnerable
  • Millions of people could be affected by malnutrition, disease, and injury, even death, due to the extreme weather
  • Major stress on water resources as the physical, chemical and biological properties of the freshwater in lakes and rivers changes
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